Visualized Failure Prediction for the Masonry Great Wall

The cultural, architectural, and historical heritage value of the Great Wall China drives need to maintain, rehabilitate, restore its structural integrity from artificial natural damage. In this study, a hybrid architectural visualization collapse simulation Ming (1368–1644 AD) are conducted in Blender based on unit blocks physics engine (i.e., Bullet Constraint Builder). Visualized failure predictions caused by four damages, i.e., stone layer collapse, step parapet walls inward tilting, bulge, developed performed strength basis. main input parameters brick dimensions, friction coefficient, adhesive/glue strength, while primary output includes global local stabilities. Finally, results show that combination physical can visually simulate occurrence process Wall’s failures with preliminary engineering outcome, especially those related also predict adverse consequences precipitating factors.